Liezi

A collection of parables and short philosophical narratives on fatalism, the illusoriness of the boundary between dream and waking, and radical hedonism (in its notorious 'Yang Zhu' chapter, which argues that since fame and virtue do not survive death, a person should pursue immediate physical pleasure instead), attributed by tradition to a shadowy 5th century BC Daoist named Lie Yukou. Modern philology, comparing its vocabulary, Buddhist-inflected concepts, and parallels with other securely dated texts, has persuaded most scholars that the received 8-chapter text is a later compilation, probably assembled and partly composed in the 3rd-4th century AD, likely by or around its earliest known editor, Zhang Zhan. Its doubt about dream and reality closely echoes, and may derive from, the Zhuangzi's butterfly parable.